Table of Contents
TFTP Recovery
TFTP recovery is the standard protocol in the router industry, and most routers support this method for unbricking.
General Steps
TFTP recovery is relatively simple, but must be strictly followed in sequence:
Preparation
- Set computer IP to 192.168.1.x (e.g. 192.168.1.100)
- Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
- Ensure computer is directly connected to router LAN port
- Close firewall
Operation Steps
- Run TFTP server software
- Place firmware file in TFTP directory, rename to firmware.bin
- Power off the router
- Hold the Reset button
- Power on the router
- Wait for indicator lights to start blinking (~5-10 seconds)
- Release the Reset button
- TFTP automatically transfers firmware
Brand Differences
| Brand | Default IP | Firmware Format | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| TP-Link | 192.168.1.1 | .bin | Release when indicator blinks |
| Xiaomi | 192.168.31.1 | .bin | Wait for orange light to blink |
| Netgear | 192.168.1.1 | .chk | nmrpflash recommended for stability |
| ASUS | 192.168.1.1 | .trx | Hold WPS key and power on |
| Huawei | 192.168.3.1 | .bin | Release when indicator changes |
Troubleshooting
Connection failed
- Check if firewall blocks TFTP
- Confirm ethernet cable is connected to LAN port (not WAN)
- Verify computer IP settings are correct
Transfer timeout
- Replace ethernet cable with a high-quality one
- Try setting computer IP to 192.168.1.50
- Disable other network adapters on computer
Firmware flash failed
- Confirm firmware filename is correct (usually .bin or .chk)
- Confirm firmware is suitable for this model
- Re-download firmware, file may be corrupted